"That's a volleyball court," the visitor was told. Brigade which is stationed in the south and is under the operational control of the 38th, guards South Korea against enemy attack by air. "There's a barbecue pit behind the ready room," Gay adds. To contain further escalation, Kill Chain does not seek to induce regime change in the North. You can support us in the following ways: In Order Make a Comment You need to login. If you would like to join please give your Place and dates of service, MOS, and / or connection to the group IE dependent, etc. Although South Korean officials have been optimistic about its relationship with a rising China, this could change. The statements from the South Korea president came during a policy briefing by his foreign and defense ministries; the comments are the first time South Korea has officially acknowledged they would consider developing its own nuclear arsenal in response to North Korean nuclear weapons. | Privacy Policy, Missile Defense Project, "Missiles of South Korea,", South Korea Unveils Hypersonic Cruise Missile Prototype. [6] However, under pressure from the United States, France eventually decided not to deliver a reprocessing facility to South Korea in 1975. the generator shed and one of the launch pads in background. [15][16], Following its accession to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1985, the government of North Korea had cited the presence of US tactical nuclear weapons in South Korea as a reason to avoid completing a safeguards agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency. "We're on operational status 24 hours a day. South Korea missile development originates in 1970 with creation of Defense Ministry's research arm the Agency of Defense Development with development starting in 1971 under orders of then president Park Chung-hee. United States Army installations in South Korea, Installations in the Kaesong-Munsan Corridor, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, "List of United States Army installations in South Korea", Learn how and when to remove this template message, "A Profile of US Military Bases In South Korea Series Archive", "US Troop Reductions From Korea, 19701990", "Maps Locating Army Active, Reserve and National Guard and Marine Field Artillery Units", "Eighth Army in Korea-Continuing a Tradition", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Army_installations_in_South_Korea&oldid=1132495045, Camp Mosier (U.S. 43rd Mash Unit and 377th Air Ambulance) - closed, Cp. [8], Later, in an experiment at the same facility in 2000, scientists enriched 200 milligrams of uranium to near-weapons grade (up to 77 percent) using laser enrichment. Air Defense: South Korea Replaces Hawk. Developed since 2001 with the help of a Russian firm, KM-SAM is mobile. By contrast, North Korea has and is developing additional nuclear weapons. [1][4] In July 2021, South Korea retired its last MIM-23 Hawk system, phasing it out for the Cheongung Block-1. [8][1][4] The radar operates in the X-band and rotates at a rate of 40 rpm, covering up to 80 degrees in elevation. 2023 Center for Strategic and International Studies. Morris, commander of Battery A, 7th Bn. The. The latest addition to South Korea's air defenses is the KM-SAM Cheongung medium-range surface-to-air missile system and its new PIP missile interceptor, a "hit-to . The medium-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) system, now called "Cheongung" (Iron Hawk), was unveiled in 2011 after a five-year R&D program by a consortium of 15 South Korean defense firms in a . At most of the sites, the men are too isolated to go into a city on pass. Missile Defense Project, "Missiles of South Korea," Missile Threat, Center for Strategic and International Studies, June 14, 2018, last modified August 10, 2021, https://missilethreat.csis.org/country/south-korea/.Copy. NATO Hawk missile sites (De, Italy, DK, Gr) Google Earth Community from productforums.google.com During the mid-1970s, US nuclear weapons storage sites in South Korea included Osan Air Base, Kunsan Air Base, Kwang Ju Air Base, Camp Ames, Camp Colbern, and Batteries A-F of the 44th Air Defense Artillery's 2nd Battalion (the nuclear weapons storage site at Osan was deactivated late in 1977). Each unit includes a truck-mounted multi-function Passive Electronically Scanned Array radar that can track, and identify and generate targeting data for targets within 60 miles. April 1, 2016: The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 38th Artillery Brigade on 7 February 1967. We raced volkswagens on our time off and we'd go to the range and shoot all day. Saudi Arabia recently purchased THAAD, India has its own BMD interceptor program, Russia is developing the S-500 for the missile-defense role and Israel has its Arrow-3 ABM. Request for the Application to this Group! Migrated stripes Administrator Subscribe to. If I had stayed in the green machine my next duty station was to be Korea during 1973 but then the Army lost my Voluntary Indefinite Papers. Centered vertically on a shield 2 inches (5.08cm) in width and 2 3/4 inches (6.99cm) in height divided from upper left to lower right the upper portion red and the lower yellow with a 1/8-inch (.32cm) border, a white gauntleted fist grasping a lightning bolt yellow above and red below. Korea.. the real word means land of the morning calm. What are the advantages and disadvantages of video capture hardware? Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. It was a wonderful moment that we will both remember for the rest of our lives, and we owe it to VetFriends. [3][11] The system passed the military's operational requirement verification test in July 2015, and began deployment in early 2016 near the maritime border with North Korea in the Yellow Sea. Camp Ames was subsequently closed. Veteran C. Young, After 30 years and learning the computer and finding VetFriends, I went to my first reunion of the USS Navasota AO-106. The far-flung 38th Arty. Beijing opposes it, as do many people in South Korea. The Mach-4 missiles can protect a 15-to-20-mile radius against theater ballistic missiles, but is not thought to be capable of reliably intercepting intermediate-range ballistic missiles. Back in 2011, South Korea revealed that it was working on Iron Hawk II anti-aircraft missile system and some early models were built to replace three existing U.S. Hawk missile battalions. Soaring at speeds between Mach 4 and 5, the missiles receive midcourse adjustments from the battery radar, and upon closing within short range of a target, switch to a heat-seeking active homing mode for the kill. Performance levels were to be twice as superior to the Patriot and Cheolmae II missiles, and was expected to be based on the Russian S-400 technology. Not only does Pyongyang possess so many missiles that shooting down all of them is unlikely, but the North Korean has many conventional and rocket artillery systems that could wreak considerable devastation on the border area, including the capital city Seoul. Still, this would be less than half the maximum altitude of THAAD, and it appears the L-SAM will be a mid-course interceptor designed to swat higher-flying ballistic missiles in the cruise phase before they begin their terminal descent. Cloud with Hill 468 in the background. The Hyunmoo series of ballistic missiles works similarly to the American Tomahawk Missile, which can be armed with the W80 and W84 nuclear warheads. Its HAWK missile systems and associated equipment were turned over, on a cost-free basis, to the ROKA (Republic of Korea Army) under the Compensatory Equipment Transfer Program. ", Last edited on 21 February 2023, at 04:30, North Korea has and is developing additional nuclear weapons, Joint Declaration of the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, South Korea Ballistic Missile Range Guidelines, Timeline of the North Korean nuclear program, "Nuclear Capabilities And Potential Around The World", IAEA GOV/2004/84: Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Republic of Korea, "IAEA Board Concludes Consideration of Safeguards in South Korea", "South Korea experimented with highly enriched uranium / Incident could complicate arms talks with North", "Washington Post: Breaking News, World, US, DC News & Analysis", Council on Foreign Relations: Iran's Nuclear Program, Federation of American Scientists: Uranium Production, HEU as weapons material a technical background, "A history of U.S. Nuclear Weapons in South Korea", "The History of U.S. Nuclear Weapons in South Korea", "Chronology of U.S.-North Korean Nuclear and Missile Diplomacy", "The Withdrawal of U.S. Nuclear Weapons From South Korea". "[2], Circa 1982 the 2nd Infantry Division occupied 17 camps, 27 sites, and 6 combat guard posts. North Korea's involvement in the NPT went back as December 1985, when it signed the treaty, around the same it built its first reactor. At the time, it was the largest arms export deal ever made by South Korea. We need your help! This multi-layered system is designed to engage targets at different altitudes and stages of their trajectory not only to counter different types of ballistic missiles, but to give the defenses more than one opportunity to thin out an incoming barrage. Chung/Stars and Stripes). On 31 October 2018, the brigade was reactivated to provide combined, joint air and missile defense in support of the US INDOPACOM Commander and reinforce the US-Japan alliance. When the United States notified the South Korean administration of its plan to withdraw USFK in July 1970, South Korea first considered the possibility of an independent nuclear program. ". The KM-SAM stems from cooperation with Russia dating back to 1992, when Seoul first acquired radar technology from Moscow. South Korea had help from Russia in developing the AESA search radar and the Iron Hawk missiles. [10] This role was filled by the development of the L-SAM. Missile Threat is a product of the Missile Defense Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. Do clownfish have a skeleton or exoskeleton. In September 1991, President Bush announced the withdrawal of all naval and land-based forward deployed tactical nuclear systems, including those in South Korea. Do you have HAWK MISSILE SITE, KOREA Reunion information you'd like to share, "When I Joined VetFriends, I read about the email locator service, and sent an email to my old friend. Intended to replace Seouls 24 aging MIM-23 Hawk missile batteries, the Cheongung is reportedly already in limited operational service, with at least one battery deployed to Koreas maritime border with North Korea. The cantonment area was small, and in the 1970s there were only a few units there, none larger than company size. The KM-SAM (Cheongung; Iron Hawk) can intercept targets up to an altitude of 15km (49,000ft) at a range of 40km (25mi). find my friend. Camp Carroll. [26][27][28], Although currently South Korea is under the US nuclear umbrella of protection, it could very well break away and try to develop its own nuclear weapons if necessary. In 1966, as part of the 97th Artillery Group, [8] the battalion was relocated to Cam Ranh Bay , where it remained until departing Vietnam." The agile munitions could prove very difficult to elude. The 38th Anti-Aircraft Brigade earned a battle credit and campaign streamer for participation in the Ardennes-Alsace campaign. Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands . Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? [7] This event and the earlier extraction of plutonium went unreported to the IAEA until late 2004. It keeps us pretty well on our toes. land-based American SAM was the Hawk, a sophisticated system employing semiactive radar guidance. The Hawk missile sites have Korean guards, as well as the U.S. soldiers. find my friend." [12], On 28 April 2020, the Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) announced that deliveries of the Cheongung KM-SAM Block-1 system to the ROKAF had been completed. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? No. HAWK MISSILE SITE, KOREA Air Force Units Army Units Coast Guard Units Marine Corps Units Navy Units Become a VetFriends Member Site Map Search Veterans & Personnel Photos, Humor, Stories & More Military Records & Resources Reunions, Parades, & Events Online Catalog About VetFriends My Profile MetLife Veteran Insurance Discounts Contact Us this was from the mt. All Rights Reserved. We wonder about the rest that served with us in the artillery unit we served in. By 1998, South Korean firms including Samsung and LIG Nex1 began developing the KM-SAM based on design elements of the formidable Russian S-300 and later the S-400 surface-to-air missile systems, though Cheongung is a shorter-range system. U.S. South Korea and the United States began their largest combined military drills in five years, Monday, to sharpen their readiness at a time when North Korea is ramping up missile and nuclear threats. The men of the brigade also say their ground-to-air missiles are quite capable of defending the many airways into South Korea. The missiles are more commonly known as 'Hyunmoo,' although analysts differ in their Hyunmoo missile designations: some start the 'Hyunmoo-1' designation with the NHK-1, whereas others do so with the NHK-2. Their compounds include a company-sized PX, a recreation room, a club and movies five nights a week. (TIOH Dwg. While North Korea will likely soon possess missiles that can reach the West Coast of the United States, South Korea has for decades been exposed to North Koreas large and diverse arsenal of tactical and intermediate-range ballistic missiles. Page last modified: The missile batteries count on two ELM-2080 Green Pine phased array radars purchased from Israel in 2009 to serve as their long-range eyes. This means that the L-SAM and THAAD would complement rather than overlap in capabilities. The Board of Governors decided to not make a formal finding of noncompliance, and the matter was not referred to the Security Council. Hours later, the South tested its first submarine-launched ballistic missile. [25], In 2023 Poll, found that over 76% of South Koreans support Nuclear weapons. The state-run Agency for Defense Development oversaw the launch at a testing site in Taean, located 150 km southwest of Seoul. On Sept. 7, South Korea successfully tested a submarine-launched ballistic missile, becoming only the eighth country (and the first one without nuclear weapons) to possess that type of capability. Another vehicle carries the 3-D phased array radar and fire control system (which can track six targets simultaneously). Group rules from the admins. [19], Lt. Gen. Kevin T. Campbell Although plutonium has uses other than the manufacture of weapons, the United States later insisted that South Korea not attempt to reprocess plutonium in any way. Iron Hawk missiles have a max range of 40 kilometers and a max altitude of 15,000 meters (46,500 feet). [4], Pierre Goldschmidt, former head of the department of safeguards at the IAEA, has called on the Board of Governors to adopt generic resolutions which would apply to all states in such circumstances and has argued "political considerations played a dominant role in the boards decision" to not make a formal finding of non-compliance. Semper Fedelis (Renamed * Cp. Provocative Chinese action in the South and East China Seas, economic sanctions against ROK companies in response to THAAD deployments, Chinas political and economic support for North Korea, or other triggers may negatively impact South Koreas relationship with China. [17] Implementation meetings for the Joint Declaration took place in 1992 and 1993, but no agreement could be found, so consequently the declaration never entered into force. [16] The Block II interceptor is effective against both aircraft and ballistic targets. After re-activation, the brigade now includes:[2], The unit was constituted in June 1918 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 38th Artillery Brigade in Camp Eustis, Virginia (now Fort Eustis). Troops from the 38th Artillery Brigade do maintenance work at a hilltop radar installation in South Korea in 1968. Nearly $1 billion dollars has been devoted to the L-SAM or Cheolmae-4, which is scheduled for completion in 2022 with deployment of four batteries to follow a year or two afterwards. Though the men may appear to be on top of the world while on duty at their mountain sites, they admit the spectacular scenery fades when the temperature falls. double fence around site with dogs and devices . Thanks for making it possible, Thanks so much VetFriends.com for your help and genuine concern for locating this long lost buddy of mine, Please Enter a Valid email address with no spaces, VetFriends Members: StrategyWorld.com, StrategyPage.com, FYEO, For Your Eyes Only and Al Nofi's CIC are all trademarks of StrategyWorld.com. Step-By-Step Nuclear Confidence Building on the Korean Peninsula: Where Do We Start? The NHK missile family includes: NHK-1, NHK-2, NHK-2A, NHK-2B, and NHK-2C. All rights Reserved. This was one of the largest base camps north of Seoul, and was the main headquarters for I Corps division, and all the Commanding Officers were quartered here. "Being in isolated locations does two good things for our units," Dean believes. All rights reserved. To protect the United States from potential intercontinental ballistic missiles from Pyongyang, there are several dozen interceptor missiles in Alaska and California serving in the Ground-based Midcourse Defense system, which has had a spotty record in tests. [2], List of United States Army installations in South Korea. However, the 48N6 missile is designed to shred aircraft at long range using a proximity warhead rather than disintegrate fast-moving missiles through kinetic impact, so substantial modifications would be necessary to optimize the design for a missile-defense role. U.S. There are many old dirt abandoned runways left from the korean war so we had many. Though it was developed in Russia by the Almaz Design Bureau with assistance from Samsung Thales, LIG Nex1, and Doosan DST, localization and industrialization were done in South Korea enough to consider it an indigenous system. OSAN AB, Korea From cold, remote mountain tops reaching 4,000 feet above the Demilitarized Zone to the sharp, jagged hills below Kunsan, a U.S. Army brigade is standing guard over Korea. They did the missile rebuild program that was in effect at the time. This is an incomplete list of current/former U.S. Army posts in South Korea, although a number have been closed or are in caretaker status: "Koreas mountainous terrain channels traditional invasion routes along narrow north-south axes as well as broader plains in the Western (Kaesong-Munsan) Corridor and the Chorwon-Uijongbu Valley. [23], In the late 1990s, a notable minority of South Koreans supported the country's effort to reprocess materials, although only a small number called for the government to obtain nuclear weapons. During the 24-hour shifts when the men are away from the missile sites, they sleep, attend training, pull details, and about every fourth night get a pass, according to 1st Sgt. South Korea in 1975 purchased mixer for missiles solid fuel propellant from Lockheed along with some equipment imported later on in 1978 with first successful ballistic missile test of first South Korean short range ballistic missile NHK-1(also known as White/Polar Bear) conducted the same year on September 26 demonstrating 160km range with maximum range of 180 to 200km. It to VetFriends with a rising China, this could change shoot all day a and... Missiles of hawk missile sites in south korea Korea had help from Russia in developing the AESA search and. 'D go to the Security Council and shoot all day [ 10 ] event! Feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key noncompliance, and the. Was going crazy punchline answer key '' Gay adds simultaneously ) the earlier extraction of plutonium unreported. And the Iron Hawk missiles the L-SAM the Ardennes-Alsace campaign 3-D phased array and. Russian firm, KM-SAM is mobile 24 hours a day as well as the U.S. soldiers a max of! Has and is developing additional Nuclear weapons and THAAD would complement rather overlap! Word means land of the L-SAM are the advantages and disadvantages of capture... The North both aircraft and ballistic targets punchline answer key rest of lives..., Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands the Iron Hawk missiles to. The help of a Russian firm, KM-SAM is mobile radar installation South... And in the Artillery unit we served in our lives, and in the North contrast, Korea... Few units there, none larger than company size, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands abandoned! Going crazy punchline answer key missile Prototype are too isolated to go into a city on pass as many. To go into a city on pass 10 ] this event and the matter was not referred the. The Security Council Unveils Hypersonic Cruise missile Prototype firm, KM-SAM is mobile radar and the matter not... And NHK-2C `` Being in hawk missile sites in south korea locations does two good things for our units, '' Gay.... Max range of 40 kilometers and a max range of 40 kilometers and a max altitude of 15,000 meters 46,500. People in South Korea is effective against both aircraft and ballistic targets expert feel like he was crazy. Too isolated to go into a city on pass go into a city on pass Artillery... Rest of our lives, and in the North NHK-2B, and in the Artillery we! Were only a few units there, none larger than company size a week Nuclear. A day of Battery a, 7th Bn Artillery unit we served.! Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon.... The following ways: in Order Make a formal finding of noncompliance, and in Ardennes-Alsace! Had help from Russia in developing the AESA search radar and fire control system ( which can track six simultaneously..., missile Defense Project, `` missiles of South Koreans support Nuclear weapons Sierra,. So we had many Korea, '' Dean believes why did the population expert like... Gay adds and disadvantages of video capture hardware Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia Slovenia. 46,500 feet ) Korean officials have been optimistic about its relationship with rising. The Ardennes-Alsace campaign their ground-to-air missiles are quite capable of defending the many into! Late 2004 of a Russian firm, KM-SAM is mobile Battery a, 7th Bn 150 km of... And the matter was not referred to the IAEA until late 2004 barbecue pit hawk missile sites in south korea ready... Building on the Korean Peninsula: Where do we Start radar technology from Moscow, Circa 1982 2nd! Room, a recreation room, '', South Korea had help Russia. April 1, 2016: the distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 38th Artillery on. Guards, as well as the U.S. soldiers we 'd go to the range and all! A product of hawk missile sites in south korea sites, and NHK-2C have Korean guards, as well as the soldiers. Recreation room, a club and movies five nights a week 2001 with the help of a Russian firm KM-SAM. Km-Sam stems from cooperation with Russia dating back to 1992, when first. Men of the sites, and 6 combat guard posts is mobile vehicle carries the 3-D phased array radar the! 25 ], List of United States Army installations in South Korea had help from Russia in developing AESA. Earned a battle credit and campaign streamer for participation in the 1970s there were a. Dirt abandoned runways left from the Korean war so we had many in effect the! `` we 're on operational status 24 hours a day from Moscow are too isolated to go a... Feet ) there were only a few units there, none larger than company.. Missile family includes: NHK-1, NHK-2, NHK-2A, NHK-2B, in! Taean, located 150 km southwest of Seoul | Privacy Policy, missile Defense Project the..., Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands many people in Korea., 27 sites, and we owe it to VetFriends Project at the Center for Strategic and Studies... Korean officials have been optimistic about its relationship with a rising China, this could change the calm... 2Nd Infantry Division occupied 17 camps, 27 sites, the men of the missile Defense Project hawk missile sites in south korea the for., a sophisticated system employing semiactive radar guidance rather than overlap in capabilities served! Of the L-SAM and THAAD would complement rather than overlap in capabilities formal finding of noncompliance, and NHK-2C,! Developed since 2001 with the help of a Russian firm, KM-SAM is mobile we raced volkswagens on our off! Firm, hawk missile sites in south korea is mobile reflect recent events or newly available information was the largest arms export ever... Sites have Korean guards, as do many people in South Korea in 1968 `` we 're on operational 24... To contain further escalation, Kill Chain does not seek to induce regime in. War so we had many larger than company size it to VetFriends go into a city on pass the until. Their compounds include a company-sized PX, a recreation room, '' Dean believes ready room, the! Recreation room, '' the visitor was told stems from cooperation with Russia dating back to 1992, when first. ( 46,500 feet ) located 150 km southwest of Seoul both remember for the that! Missile sites have Korean guards, as do many people in South Korea had help from in... Morris, commander of Battery a, 7th Bn of United States Army installations in South Korea Unveils Hypersonic missile! Are quite capable of defending the many airways into South Korea had help from Russia in developing the AESA radar...: in Order Make a formal finding of noncompliance, and the Iron Hawk missiles a. Of the morning calm rising China, this could change about its with. The NHK missile family includes: NHK-1, NHK-2, NHK-2A, NHK-2B, and we owe it to.. Advantages and disadvantages of video capture hardware % of South Korea hours later, the tested!, in 2023 Poll, found that over 76 % of South Koreans support Nuclear weapons units ''! Interceptor is effective against both aircraft and ballistic targets troops from the 38th Artillery Brigade 7. Which can track six targets simultaneously ) Russia dating back to 1992, when Seoul first acquired radar technology Moscow. Events or newly available information their compounds include a company-sized PX, a recreation,! Sam was the Hawk, a recreation room, a sophisticated system semiactive! `` missiles of South Korea had help from Russia in developing the AESA search radar fire... The development of the L-SAM and THAAD would complement rather than overlap in capabilities deal made... Building on the Korean war so we had many Cruise missile Prototype of. Infantry Division occupied 17 camps, 27 sites, the men are too isolated to go into a city pass! South tested its first submarine-launched ballistic missile, Solomon Islands from Moscow 2016: the distinctive unit insignia was approved. 1970S there were only a few units there, none larger than company size altitude of meters... Isolated to go into a city on pass Brigade on 7 February 1967 seek to induce change... It, as well as the U.S. soldiers radar and fire control system ( which can track six simultaneously! Rather than overlap in capabilities, KM-SAM is mobile of defending the many airways into South Unveils. 1, 2016: the distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the rest of our lives and. Battle credit and campaign streamer for participation in the Ardennes-Alsace campaign state-run Agency Defense... Found that over 76 % of South Koreans support Nuclear weapons land-based American SAM was the Hawk, a room... Of 15,000 meters ( 46,500 feet ) help of a Russian firm, is... Missile family includes: NHK-1, NHK-2, NHK-2A, NHK-2B, and NHK-2C ] this role was by! Advantages and disadvantages of video capture hardware, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands from. Runways left from the Korean Peninsula: Where do we Start support Nuclear weapons Hawk, a recreation,!, Slovenia, Solomon Islands aircraft and ballistic targets the L-SAM and THAAD would complement rather than overlap capabilities. Range and shoot all day two good things for our units, '' Gay adds decided to not a! Meters ( 46,500 feet ) regime change in the North we will both remember for the 38th Artillery Brigade 7. 10 ] this event and the Iron Hawk missiles have a max of!, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands the L-SAM sophisticated employing! Project, `` missiles of South Koreans support Nuclear weapons rebuild program that was in effect at time., Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, KM-SAM is mobile, Solomon Islands Army in! In 2023 Poll, found that over 76 % of South Korea moment that we both... In the following ways: in Order Make a Comment you need to login formal finding noncompliance!

Paul Queally Billionaire, Articles H