New York Times, p. A1. Sometimes, as with the US entrance into World War II after Pearl Harbor, these decisions are sincere and based on a perceived necessity to defend a nations people and resources, and sometimes these decisions are based on cynicism and deceit (Solomon, 2006). When we think of the impact of war, the consequences for civilians and veterans as just discussed come most readily to mind. As a result, observes one economics writer, most Europeans have universal health care, deeply subsidized education (including free university tuition in many countries), modern infrastructure, good mass transit, and far less poverty than the United States has. Dao, J. New York, NY: Penguin. A major reason for this problem was that the Pentagon had begun building these systems before their designs had been completely tested. Cross) Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham) Unwarranted Influence: Dwight D. Eisenhower and the military-industrial complex. The 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, in which Congress authorized President Lyndon Johnson to wage an undeclared war in Vietnam, was passed after North Vietnamese torpedo boats allegedly attacked US ships. Wrangham, R. W. (2004). Social studies is an integrated research field. The psychological effect of war on veterans and their families We have textbook solutions for you! Retrieved from http://www.denverpost.com/Stories/0,0,36%257E30137%257E,00.html. Bangor Daily News. Where your income tax money really goes. (2011). A related subfield is military sociology, which focuses more explicitly on the organization and . Dewan, S. (2011, December 18). Since Arias wrote these words, the United States has spent more than $5.5 trillion on defense outlays in constant dollars (see Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010), including $1.3 trillion on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Second, members of Congress fear being labeled weak on defense if they try to reduce the military budget or do not agree to new weapons systems requested by the Pentagon. The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan provide additional examples of a theft from those who hunger and are not fed. These wars cost the United States about $1.3 trillion through 2012, for an average of more than $100 billion annually (Harrison, 2012). The trend continued in 2013, when we funded seven projects. Dont blame the caveman. Each of these warheads is an average of at least twenty times more powerful than each of the atomic bombs that decimated Japan. Issues include but are not limited to poverty, achievement motivation, dropouts, homelessness . Military preparedness does not come cheap. Retrieved from http://www.voanews.com/english/news/usa/Public-Private-Organizations-Work-to-Help-Thousands-of-Homeless-Veterans-in-NY- 139520143.html. Are we giant suckers? The geopolitical nuclear landscape . A recent study found that adolescents with a deployed parent are more likely than those with civilian parents to feel depressed and suicidal. Critics of the military budget say that the billions of dollars spent on weapons and other military needs would be better spent on domestic needs such as schools and day care. To do so, it routinely deployed chemical weapons such as Agent Orange (dioxin, a known carcinogen), napalm, and white phosphorous. Because it took place in Iraq, many more Iraqis than Americans died or were wounded, and the war certainly affected Iraqi societyits infrastructure, economy, natural resources, and so forthfar more than it affected American society. Reflecting this decline, a smaller percentage of the worlds population died in armed conflict during the past century than in earlier eras. However, later investigation revealed that the attack never occurred and that the White House lied to Congress and the American people (Wells, 1994). Several years later, she was still having many health problems and could not forget what happened to her. Sexual assault in the US military: A review of the literature and recommendations for the future. The National Guard New York National Guard CC BY 2.0. Use the reading about social institutions in India to identify two social science issues that could be researched Retrieved from http://www.timesleader.com/stories/A-concerted-effort-needed-to-help-homeless-veterans-COMMENTARY-STATE-SEN- LISA-BAKER,89325?search_filter=A+concerted+effort+needed+to+help+homeless +veterans &town_id=1&sub_type=stories. Even if they are less frequent and less deadly than in the past, that is of little comfort to the tens of millions of people around the world during the past century who died or otherwise suffered in war and other armed conflict and who live in fear today of becoming a victim of armed conflict. 147 Social Studies Topics for Your Research Project. American war and military operations casualties: Lists and statistics. This figure ranked the highest in the world and constituted almost 35 percent of all world arms exports. As just one example of such waste, a 2011 federal audit found that cost overruns over the prior two years had added at least $70 billion to projected costs of various weapons systems (Drew, 2011). Economic gangsters: Corruption, violence, and the poverty of nations. Although World War II killed an estimated 55 million people, a smaller percentage of the worlds population died in armed conflict during the twentieth century than in earlier eras. (2011). (2012, May 18). The social sciences are concerned with the study of human society and with the relationship of individuals in, and to, society. After they did so, US ground troops shot them and left a pile of dead bodies that included twenty-one children. 221232). Feb 2, 2023. Scholars have attempted to explain why human beings wage war. Gerber, S. (2012, February 7). Advancements were made in health care, education, transportation, communication . (2011, July 22). Looking after the soldier, back home and damaged. This includes current problems and risks that represent a probability of future problems. Much of these mandatory expenses are funded by trust funds, such as Social Security taxes, which are raised and spent separately from income taxes. These theorists advocate a reflective or issues-centered curriculum and often emphasize curricular attention to social problems. Some people think of war as a negative thing, and some people . Historically and also today, nations in the Middle East and elsewhere have gone to war or are otherwise in conflict because of religious differences. Americas defense meltdown: Pentagon reform for President Obama and the new Congress Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. The war: A trillion can be cheap. Other political and economic changes brought by war are less obvious. Veterans with PTSD often end up with problems in their marriages or other relationships and are more likely to commit violence against their spouses or partners. The Second World War triggered a series of rapid and far-reaching social changes in Newfoundland and Labrador. Critics also argue that military spending actually produces fewer jobs than spending in other sectors (Ledbetter, 2011). A popular explanation comes from the field of evolutionary biology and claims that a tendency toward warfare is hardwired into our genetic heritage because it conferred certain evolutionary advantages. Although war is a social phenomenon arising from decisions of political and military officials, other phenomena can make it more likely that these officials will decide to go to war. Tirman, J. Although calculations are complex, total military spending accounted for an estimated 43 percent to 48 percent of discretionary spending in 2011 (Friends Committee on National Legislation, 2012; War Resisters League, 2012). Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-veterans-numbers/story?id=14928136#1. Analysis of the FY2012 defense budget. I see glimpses of him, but hes not who he was (Einhorn, 2011, p. A12). These deaths stemmed from bombs and other weapons that went astray, from orders by military and political leaders to drop millions upon millions of bombs on civilian areas, and sometimes from atrocities committed by US personnel. Once they were evacuated, their villages were designated free fire zones, and then often bombed indiscriminately once again, killing any villagers who managed to remain in these zones despite the evacuations. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. That is the good news and the cause for hope. DOD: New nuclear subs will cost $347 billion to acquire, operate. Pinker, S. (2012). In fact, rape and sexual assault are the leading cause of PTSD among women veterans, while combat trauma is the leading cause of PTSD among male veterans. When a napalm bomb explodes, it ignites an enormous fireball that burns everything in its path. By far, the most significant issue was poor leadership; 28% of . China ranked a distant second at $119 billion, followed by the United Kingdom at $60 billion and France at $49 billion (see Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010). McKeon, H. P. B. They add that the exports often go to nations ruled by dictators, who then use them to threaten their own people (Feinstein, 2011; Shah, 2011). Retrieved from http://fcnl.org/assets/flyer/taxchart11.pdf. In addition to psychological and physiological trauma, rape and sexual assault impose huge economic costs on the military because of medical expenses for helping survivors and for prosecuting their rapists. Lochhead, C. (2012, February 14). Choose one of the five social institutions. Obamas defense cuts are a drop in the bucket. Shusman, B. There is the natural fear that loved ones will never return from their overseas involvement in armed conflict. Retrieved from http://bangordailynews.com/2011/07/22/health/children-of-deployed-troops-struggle-researchers-find. Boot, M. (2012). Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars. End of US military segregation set stage for rights movement. More than 85 articles were downloaded, and of these, 53 articles were selected by considering relatedness, reputability of the journal, and pattern of writing and analyzed accordingly. Only about one-seventh of these victims reported their rapes and sexual assaults. Still, tensions often arise. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. New York, NY: Metropolitan Books. Speier, J. April missed the man she used to know: The biggest loss is the loss of the man I married. Women veterans say that when they do report rape and sexual assault, military officials typically either blame them for what happened, ignore the crime altogether, or give the offender a very mild punishment such as not being allowed to leave a military base for a short period. The samples are almost entirely of women, given their higher risk of being sexually assaulted. Social science issues related to war. Here are the top 10 popular social issues of 2022. Those two weapons were tiny in both number and size compared to nuclear weapons today. (2012, February 8). Pollin, R., & Garrett-Peltier, H. (2011). The more they spend on their military (guns), the less they can spend on food for their poor and other domestic needs (butter). (2012, January 12). Stalsburg, B. L. (2011). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. These more basic causes of war include population change and environmental change. Week 1 Question 7 Identify two social science issues related toeducation. The U.S. military does not need or want all officers to become social scientist researchers, but applied social science can nevertheless help develop strategic thinking because it: (1) focuses on human behavior and influence; (2) develops comfort with competing theories; (3) requires creativity; and (4) uses evidence and iteration to better . Families of deployed troops also face many difficulties. Retrieved from http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/american%20war%20casualty.htm; http://web.archive.org/web/20070711050249/http://www.cwc.lsu.edu/other/stats/warcost.htm; Hacker, J. D. (2011, September 20). An Associated Press photo of her running naked and screaming with burns after her village was napalmed was one of the most memorable photos of that war. New York Times, p. WK3. Leisure studies examine issues related to leisure, including recreation, tourism, events, and sport. Betrayal in the Ranks. Many antiwar protests in the United States focused on the civilian suffering from napalm. and the Russia-Ukraine War: A Collection Social Science Space is curating resources and publications relating to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the global response to the aggression, the humanitarian crisis unfolding as a result, and what steps toward an end to the violence are available. This course systematically identifies a comprehensive picture of current social issues and concerns in a school as they impact socio-cultural development; student safety and violence prevention; person/social development; and academic achievement. Feinstein, A. We call them social issues when they start negatively impacting a specific group of people. Protesters at Dow Chemicals New York office carried signs that said, Napalm Burns Babies, Dow Makes Money.. Retrieved from http://www.america.gov/st/diversity-english/2008/February/20080225120859liameruoy0.9820215.html. Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_weapons_and_global_security/nuclear_weapons/technical_issues/nuclear-weapons-overview.html. New York, NY: New York Review of Books. The second period is 19391945, when World War II killed 55 million people. Shah, A. It soon became the biggest social and economical problem for the whole world. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Peace Studies Program. InsideDefense.com NewsStand. Evidence from a national survey of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans underscores the problems they face (Pew Research Center, 2011). It is a tremendously important branch of research that examines what it means to be a social being, how individuals function together as organized groups and societies, and how they interact with each other on issues of common interest. Statistical abstract of the United States: 2012. (2012). This individualistic focus risks neglecting the core issue: the role of a social world, invariably targeted in war and yet still embodying the capacity of survivor populations to manage their suffering, adapt and recover on a collective basis. In 2010, the US official military budget (defense outlays only) was $698 billion. War Resisters League. Prompt: During the first week of the course, you will respond to several questions in the webtext as you complete each . Noting that the military budget today exceeds the average budget during the Cold War, they think military spending is far higher than it needs to be to ensure the nations defense with the Soviet Union no longer a threat. As these numbers make clear, military personnel who commit rape and sexual assault almost always avoid any punishment. More than 100 million soldiers and civilians are estimated to have died during the international and civil wars of the twentieth century (Leitenberg, 2006). England, G. (2012, February 5). The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber) Give Me Liberty! Perhaps worse, the United States ranks last among the worlds twenty wealthiest democracies in life expectancy and infant mortality and also ranks worst in the risk of dying before age 60. Choose one of the five social institutions. Washington, DC: Center for American Progress. Critics say these exports help fuel the worldwide arms race and international discord. Harrison, T. (2012). Retrieved from http://business.time.com/2012/02/07/why-we-should-help-veterans-start-their-own-businesses/. Want to create or adapt books like this? Solomon, N. (2006). Identify two social issues related to war 2 See answers Advertisement theblastmaster2000xd Answer: Class war is the most promitent in the united states right now (Coming from a communist and whos father was in the BPP) Explanation: That is a perspective I did not think about. Audit of Pentagon spending finds $70 billion in waste. Where do our income tax dollars go. The Union of Concerned Scientists (2009) summarizes their danger bluntly: Nuclear weapons remain the greatest and most immediate threat to human civilization. However more peaceful the world is today, it could easily end at any moment. Vaccine At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus was introduced to the world. Tirman, J. The Nation. Answer (1 of 10): Brief answer: The principles of social science have to be the same as natural science --- natural laws. As large as it is, the $768 billion just cited as the official figure for the US military budget is misleading in at least two ways. The findings suggest that social integration may help war-affected youth achieve better life outcomes after traumatic events. The high unemployment rate of the Iraq and Afghanistan veterans has made this need even more urgent. Some eighty years later, the involvement of African Americans in the US armed forces during World War II helped begin the racial desegregation of the military. This episode of Social Science of War examines a range of issues related to Army talent managementfrom the ways in which service in the Army impacts a soldier's earning potential to how the Army is responding to its current recruiting crisis. (2012). They also say that the stationing of some 300,000 American troops on 865 military bases abroad at the time of this writing, including 81,000 troops in Europe and 220,000 in other nations, is hardly needed to ensure the nations defense. Many examples of this impact exist, but one well-known example involves the defeat of Germany in World War I, which led to a worsening economy during the next decade that in turn helped fuel the rise of Hitler. Identify two social science issues related to education. Determining the Prevalence of Rape and Sexual Assault in the Military. (2012, January 8). 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